APA Citation
APA citation style refers to the rules and conventions established by the American Psychological Association for documenting sources used in a research paper. APA style requires both in-text citations and a reference list. For every in-text citation there should be a full citation in the reference list and vice versa. Refer to Publication manual of the American Psychological Association in the library [REF BF76.7 .P83 2001].
The examples of APA styles and formats listed on this page include many of the most common types of sources used in academic research.
Resource Type | Example Citation | Rules for Citation |
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Book | Xinnong, C. (1999). Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion. Beijing, China: Foreign Language Press. |
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Reference Book – No Author | Miller, B. F. (Ed.). (1970). Family Health Guide and Medical Encyclopedia. Pleasantville, NY: Reader’s Digest. |
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Book Chapter | Moussa, M. (2012). Communication. In L. R. Burns, E. H. Bradley & B. J. Weiner (Eds.), Shortell & Kaluzny’s Health Care Management: Organization Design and Behavior (pp. 163-187). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning. |
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Journal Article | Seo, Y., Lee, I., Jung, W., Ryu, H., Lim, J., Ryu, Y., …Chae, Y. (2014). Motion patterns in acupuncture needle manipulation. Acupuncture in Medicine, 32(5). 394-399. doi: 0.1136/acupmed-2014-010585 |
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Magazine Article | Luchau, Til. (2015, July/August). Myofascial techniques: Working with the psoas. Massage & Bodywork, 30(4), 106-109. |
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Online Magazine Article | Bernstein, S. (2014, July/August). Benefits of Massage. Arthritis Today. Retrieved from www.arthritis.org |
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Newspaper Article | Hudnut, F. (2015, August). The roots of TCM in depression treatment. Acupuncture Today, pp. 12, 36, 39. |
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Online Newspaper Article | Phillips, J. S. (2015, October). Modernization of Article Chinese Medicine. Acupuncture Today. Retrieved from www.acupuncturetoday.com |
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Unpublished Dissertation | Wang, S., Yang, C., Wang, L., & Yang, Y. (2012). Analysis of pathology and the research of Chinese medicine treatment of gout (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of East-West Medicine, Sunnyvale, California. |
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Government report, accessed online | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2005). Medicaid drug price comparisons: Average manufacturer price to published prices (OIG publication No. OEI-05-05- 00240). Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-05-05-00240.pdf |
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DVD | Hsuan, Y. (Producer). (2005). Acupuncture: An ancient tool for the modern world [DVD]. |
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YouTube Video | Carter, J. (2013, October 10). How to improve digestion and stamina – acupressure, stomach 36 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=FvDfqh4kiwM&list=PLS9cvP4bw 8LxXv5Ymqy_MERhGpGS2UU6V |
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Website content and Blogs | Blog entry Arrington, M. (2008, August 5). The viral video guy gets $1 million in funding. Message posted to http://www.techcrunch.com Professional Web site National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2008). Biofuels. Retrieved May 6, 2008, from http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html Entire Web site Witchcraft In Europe and America is a site that presents the full text of many essential works in the literature of witchcraft and demonology (http://www.witchcraft.psmedia.com/). |
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*For multiple authors: Two authors, separate names with a “&”
Three to six authors, separate names with commas, and the last two with an “&”
- e.g. Saywitz, K. J., Mannarino, A. P., Berliner, L., & Cohen, J. A.
Seven or more authors, list the first six names separated with commas, add an elipsis (three periods “…”), followed by the final name listed
- e.g. Rosler, A., Ulrich, C., Billino, J., Sterzer, P., Weidauer, S., Bernhardt, T., …Kleinschmidt, A.
** If doi is unavailable: retrieve [date], from [database name & website URL] or [website URL if the article is not from a database]
Credits
- sample citations and/or information are credited to Cornell University Library
- Cornell University Library APA Citation Style is accessible at https://www.library.cornell.edu/research/citation/apa
- This APA citation style samples is created by Kimberley Carle, Library Intern in 2015 and modified by Sophia Wang, Librarian in 2015.